The use of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for cannabis testing has been extensively studied. Here are some key findings from various case studies:
1. **Quantitative Determination of CBD and THC**: A study presented an HPLC-DAD method for quantitative analysis of major neutral and acidic cannabinoids in herbal cannabis and hashish. This method is selective, sensitive, accurate, and precise, and has been successfully applied to characterize 110 cannabis samples seized by Swiss police, demonstrating its applicability for routine cannabis potency testing in forensic settings [(Hädener, König, & Weinmann, 2019)](https://consensus.app/papers/determination-acid-precursors-confiscated-cannabis-hädener/abecde6e5abf5ea6953b859f4d622019/?utm_source=chatgpt).
2. **Greener Analysis of Cannabinoids**: Another study developed a more efficient and environmentally friendly HPLC-DAD method for analyzing cannabinoids in cannabis flowers and oils. This method uses fewer toxic solvents and is suitable for a wide range of applications including regulatory compliance and clinical studies [(Mudge, Murch, & Brown, 2017)](https://consensus.app/papers/leaner-greener-analysis-cannabinoids-mudge/9f15e04380355892ae6fa49a5c9e94be/?utm_source=chatgpt).
3. **Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Major Cannabinoids**: A study used HPLC/DAD for the quantification of major cannabinoids present in cannabis plant material, providing a simple and accurate method that can be used for diverse applications, including plant phenotype determination and material quality control [(De Backer et al., 2009)](https://consensus.app/papers/innovative-development-validation-hplcdad-method-backer/f09be8927b9258fa8f255854541cd510/?utm_source=chatgpt).
4. **Cannabis Potency Testing Using HPLC**: A study compared the use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) with HPLC for cannabis potency testing. HPLC-based methods were found to offer equivalent quantification results to IMS and are more suitable for laboratory analysis [(Hädener, Kamrath, Weinmann, & Groessl, 2018)](https://consensus.app/papers/highresolution-mobility-spectrometry-rapid-cannabis-hädener/ec322a82fdb158038b3d44e9f1db31f0/?utm_source=chatgpt).
5. **Stability of Cannabinoids Under Stress Conditions**: A study validated an HPLC method for determining the stability of cannabinoids under various stress conditions, providing valuable data for the formulation development of cannabis products [(Yangsud et al., 2021)](https://consensus.app/papers/stability-cannabidiol-∆9tetrahydrocannabinol-yangsud/76bca93b388a5584bff858bce2fe96f0/?utm_source=chatgpt).
In conclusion, HPLC has proven to be a reliable and versatile method for the analysis of cannabinoids in cannabis, offering accuracy and precision for both quantitative and qualitative assessments.